This section contains a selection of resources highlighting the alternatives to using animals in research, testing and teaching. It is not yet possible to replace all animal use in research, testing and teaching. The biology of live animals is often too complex to be replicated entirely by alternative methods in research experiments. Non-animal teaching methods (e.g. mannequins or video recordings) can reduce the use of live-animals in teaching but it would not be appropriate for students to graduate with no live-animal experience before moving into careers working with animals. However, alternative or replacement methods complement live-animal use and collectively can reduce live-animal use overall, and the wording "alternative" and "replacement" are used interchangeably. For more information see "Replacement and NAMs – it’s all in the NAMe".

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• Replacement: Accelerating the development and use of predictive and robust models and tools, based on the latest science and technologies, to replace the use of animals in addressing important research questions where they would have otherwise been used.

 

ANZCCART Resources

 

The Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching (ANZCCART) and the Ministry for Primary Industries have produced a series of booklets on the application of the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) in the use of animals in research and teaching. The following focus on replacement and reduction.

• Organ-on-a-chip and Organoids (replacement) (2026)

• Cell-based Disease Models (replacement) (2019)

• Computer Assisted Learning (replacement) (2021)

• Mannequins and Dummies (replacement) (2021)

• Alternatives to shellfish toxicity testing (replacement) (2018)

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